“Corporal punishment was unknown in Indigenous families but was routine in the boarding schools. Often punishment was inflicted for being “too Indian” – the darker the child, the more often and severe the beatings. The children were made to feel that it was criminal to be Indian.26.”

“Corporal punishment was unknown in Indigenous families but was routine in the boarding schools. Often punishment was inflicted for being “too Indian” – the darker the child, the more often and severe the beatings. The children were made to feel that it was criminal to be Indian.26.”

— Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz